护理英语：外科术前、术中与术后恢复对谈

一、术之前将要

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

要用病患之之前为了须要伤寒人份的安全有许多管理工作要要用。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检验并历史记录生命体征。将任何异常可能明白外科医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有假体，例如、假肢以及假牙都不应当剃。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.副师长有可能期望让医护人员身穿假牙，所以牙医须要咨询副师长的劝告。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，医护人员须要除去指甲油并卸妆。这样都会让外科医生较难辨认伤寒人是否身患光亮伤寒。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination光亮伤寒上会指出医护人员能够在先氧。还应当当剃发夹等流苏，以免造成感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排泄或者导尿填满食道。食道内流露出血浆有可能在病患反复中都损毁。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术之前医护人员须常用灌肠剂填满肠道，小病患除外。这都会不致很多术后舒服病症。还可以不致感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂上会在医护人员开入伤寒床之前30分钟到一小时内针头。这可以让反复开行地较难一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后不应当轻声感激医护人员开入休眠状态。伤寒床内有时可以受限制医护人员的一位家属独自一人。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，医护人员的伤寒历表不应当带入伤寒床，并且栏位能够明晰。里面须要包括所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的病患许可证等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.皮肤病原和所须药品，如血清，也应当在栏位中都注明。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，称王牙医。我一切都是去浴室。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不能去浴室。问你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.病患之后几天你是不受限制下床的。所以你须要学者常用便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候开伤寒床？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.仅仅八点。我都会在七点于是就你然后从你的鼻孔中都插入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能明白我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.病患后第二、三天我们能够通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.仅仅晚间三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样知晓我病患的开展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她都会在等待室。病患一结束我们都会正要汇报她。He you signed the consent?你在同意书上签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。病患之前我不应当要用什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们都会给你剃须要用清洁。然后你要洗个澡。早餐你要吃饭一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我明白了。病患都会很还好吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，病患反复中都你不都会流露出著任何还好痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.病患后你醒过来的时候就已经在伤寒房了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你有可能不已有点还好并昏昏沉沉。如果还好痛心痛的话我们都会给你针头一些缓解还好痛的药品。Thank you.明天你 二、病患中都

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，问小弟我接伤寒床。Just a minute. The line is engaged.略有等。目之前占本站。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.伤寒床May I speak to the head nurse?能问医务人员接电话吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

爱，我是医务人员。有什么可以小弟您？What's going on in the operation room right now?伤寒床中都目之前是什么可能。I he an emergency case coming in.我正要有一个立即伤寒例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天晚间称王外科医生的急性阑尾炎病患要用应当当将要。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时之前送达了一个致使肋骨骨折的伤寒人。他能够赶紧接受胸腔病患。你们小弟我决定立即病患吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我正要要用应当当将要。一切将要即刻之后我给你告知。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。问明白牙医血库都会给我们3或4计量的B型血供病患常用。Anything else?还有其他要追问的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我能够要用全身，能够一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我正要汇报称王外科医生。Thank you.明天你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.医护人员还在昏迷状态，多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他接受了什么病患？A chest operation.胸腔病患。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药品皮肤病吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶皮肤病。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?病患中都他腹痛很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他腹痛400ml。我们给他在先了2计量的红细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他在先其他气泡了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升分作5%的蒸馏水。 四、病患后康复与护理

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

病患之后，外科伤寒人上会能够加强护理。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其中都有一些原因。当然，也都会有一些近来浮现。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些疑问是可以意识到的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.病患之后能够对伤寒人开行脑组织流体动力学理应当。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.伤寒人的很多病症与基本的临床疑问之外。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些伤寒人都会浮现术中都出血或术后感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这都会致使病患后伤寒情完全恢复不稳固。因此伤寒人能够除此以外看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种可能在急救病患伤寒人躯体极其常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果伤寒人忽然新陈代谢失调，能够将其送开心绞痛加强护理伤寒房。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及耐用性创伤医护人员还都会浮现脑组织流体动力学不稳固。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很有可能浮现急性发炎质子化当，这是由致使骨质或者软组织受伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果浮现低血容量性休克，这指出伤情致使。有时能够对伤寒人开行在先血来补充其体内血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.伤寒人的内分泌巨大变化偶尔也都会能够除此以外理应当。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非创伤性伤寒因的急救医护人员的伤寒症与肠穿孔阻尼或肠坏死有关，那么医护人员整个机体有可能受其影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些影响都会分别致使各个生殖器官的系统性发炎质子化当。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不制止病患，医护人员可能浮现多生殖器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，心绞痛重症伤寒房的医护人员大部分是外科病患医护人员。 五、术后完全恢复

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

称王外科医生，我这里很还好。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止还好药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?以前好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水饮吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.感到高兴，却说你以前不可以进食。但是我可以在你的脸颊上蘸一些水小弟你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?明天。我什么时候可以进食？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.能够等你的肠鸣音和咽反射完全恢复之后才可以饮。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃饭进去了吗？I'm afraid you can't.却说不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃饭进去？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

病患一天之后你可以吃饭一些流食。然后你慢慢可以吃饭软食，病患四天之后就可以正常用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不都会致使二氧化碳产生的气泡为主，例如茶、咖啡豆、过滤牛奶、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食包括汤、鱼肉、非酱料鸡蛋、豆腐、酱汁、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我不应当不致吃饭哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.清淡的点心、极少的色拉酱调料、酱料牛奶、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么能够除此以外注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明日你能够要用一些呼吸练习。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.呼吸练习可以预防呼吸系统肺炎。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己要用练习吗，还是你都会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我都会小弟你，给你纳一些劝告。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你以前可以明白我怎样要用吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按钮病患穿孔，深呼吸然后咳嗽。我都会把你的怀中升高一些。I see.我明白了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你不已有什么舒服的话问按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我都会的，明天你。